Occult infection in adults Because blood levels may be low (< 200 IU) (true OBI) and the liver is also relatively inaccessible [43,44,45]. 5 There is increasing evidence that occult HBV infection is associated with advanced chronic liver Objective: To determine markers of HBV infection and detect the presence of its occult infection in serum of a cohort of adult Nigerians. However, relatively few of these infections can persist for three weeks without either spontaneous resolution or deterioration to the point that the infection can be localised or become detectable on routine investigations. The prevalence and clinico-demographic characteristics of OBI in anti-retroviral therapy (ART) naïve HIV Nov 15, 2024 · Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) is a significant challenge for HBV prevention and control. This is largely attributed to the availability of vaccines against hepatitis B virus (HBV), antiviral treatments, and a change in diet with healthier foods. Materials and methods2. 5 There is increasing evidence that occult HBV infection is associated with advanced chronic liver Most commonly, occult bacteremia is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Isolated anti-HBs OBI status was id … Jan 1, 2019 · The most common causes of bacterial meningitis in adults in the United States are Streptococcus pneumoniae, group B streptococci, and Neisseria meningitidis 31, 32. There were no differences in nonunion healing rates based on culture results. • Patients with acute fever (less than three weeks' duration) and no localizing symptoms or physical findings to suggest a source (unexplained fever) may have self-limited illness or occult bacterial infection requiring prompt treatment. A simple clinical index can be used to estimate the likelihood of occult infection and may reduce the frequency of diagnostic error. 8%) showed mutations at the "a" epitope and three of them were G145A. @article{Mellors1987ASI, title={A simple index to identify occult bacterial infection in adults with acute unexplained fever. aureus bacteremia is The diagnosis of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) is influenced by factors such as the lower limit of detection (LOD) of the HBV DNA test. Historically, the recognition of occult hepatitis B infection has been Jan 1, 2024 · Prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection and characterisation of hepatitis B surface antigen mutants among adults in western Croatia Author links open overlay panel Marina Bubonja-Šonje a b , Dolores Peruč a c , Maja Abram a b , Bojana Mohar-Vitezić a b Mar 3, 2011 · Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) is characterized by the persistence of HBV DNA in the liver tissue in individuals negative for the HBV surface antigen. Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Meningitis and encephalitis may also be caused by viruses such consider occult HBV infection as a target for diagnosis and elimination. Conclusions: Among patients with occult bacteremia, S. 08% (17/130) from the vaccination group, and in 4. @article{Xu2010OccultHI, title={Occult HBV infection in anti-HBs-positive young adults after neonatal HB vaccination. Jul 5, 2023 · The review was limited to bacterial infections (excluding mycobacterial infections) involving adults (≥18 years old). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health burden. The prevalence of OBI in blood donors in Asia ranges from 0. Intervirology 52: 57–62. Infection with almost any bacterial pathogen can cause a febrile illness without localisation. This study aimed to determine the OBI prevalence and virological characteristics (viral genotypes and HBsAg mutants) in Aug 10, 2022 · Despite an increasing number of occult HBV infection studies, the worldwide prevalence patterns of occult HBV infection remain unknown and its clinical relevance has been controversial. 9 Immune (most probably vaccination) NA + - + 0. Despite their low mortality (<5%) ( 4 – 6 ), the lack of evidence on the safety of ambulatory treatment has led to hospital admission rates after the oBSI diagnosis between 42% and 82% ( 4 – 6 Jan 6, 2021 · Background Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) is a phase of HBV infection characterised by the presence of HBV DNA in the absence of detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The other mutations were found outside of the "a" epitope. 7 Based on the HBV-specific antibody profiles, OBI may be categorized as seropositive OBI—hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and/or hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) positive and Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) refers to a condition where replication-competent HBV DNA is present in the liver, with or without HBV DNA in the blood, in individuals with serum HBsAg negativity assessed by currently available assays. Sources of heterogeneity were Abstract. Mar 1, 2021 · Without having any clinical suspicion of infection preoperatively, we have found occult low-grade infections in 10% of adult patients with symptomatic pseudarthrosis following attempted spinal fusion. However, in clinical practice and scientific research, the lower limit of quantification (LOQ) is often misused as the LOD. The prevalence of OBI is quite variable depending on the level of endemic disease in A substantial proportion of people carry occult HBV infection, especially among high-risk groups across the globe and people living in highly endemic countries. Mellors and Ralph I. 8%) and healthy adults (15%), implying that the risk of occult HBV infection among HCV carriers is not increased compared to that for the general population in Jun 23, 2021 · HBsAg screening, however, fails to detect occult hepatitis B infection (OBI), which is characterized by either loss or repression of HBsAg, or HBV pre-S/S mutations [3, 4]. 1159/000214633 [Google Scholar] In the areas where viral infections are more common, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has declined. Nevertheless, by using highly sensitive PCR assays (Table (Table1), 1), we found that the prevalences of occult HBV infection were comparable in patients with chronic HCV infection (14. They suggest a mechanism of potential reactivation of clinically silent infection during anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment and indicate that this therapy may also subdue occult HBV infection. Using the PROLIFICA cohort, we compared the prevalence of OBI between hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative healthy adults screened from the Oct 16, 2024 · Background Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is characterized by the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA at low levels in serum (<200 IU/mL) with a negative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test. [PMC free article] [Google Scholar] 12. It remains a potential transmission threat and risk Jul 9, 2024 · The general appearance, particularly for cachexia, jaundice, and pallor, is noted. Detection of occult HBV infection will require access to Among ART-naive HIV-1-infected African adults, 13% were HBsAg-positive and 42% had isolated anti-HBc, including 10% who had occult HBV. 57. Typically, children have no symptoms other than fever. Most of the sera contained <10,000 HBV copies/ml. A total of 156 related articles was identified. Infection with HIV is a risk factor for occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI), defined as presence of HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the absence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). May 17, 2018 · 2. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of occult HBV infection at a global and regional scale and in specific populations. 0045750. 9% (Laos), with no data Dec 1, 2014 · No studies have been carried out to determine the presence of HBV DNA in the absence of HBsAg in HIV-positive Sudanese patients. 8%) showed mutations at the “a” epitope and three of them were G145A. Occult HBV infection should be part of the global viral hepatitis elimination strategy. A simple index to identify occult bacterial infection in adults with acute unexplained fever. At the authors Nov 23, 2020 · Purpose of Review Occult hepatitis B infection refers to the presence of replication-competent hepatitis B virus despite the lack of hepatitis B surface antigen due to epigenetic or immune control. It is required to define the long-term protection of neonatal vaccination Minipool NAT to identify Occult HBV infection. In addition, the reference lists of included studies were reviewed for literature saturation. Adult IRGN studies are all retrospective in nature, and Indian studies are scarce. Meningitis and encephalitis may also be caused by viruses such as herpes Jul 1, 2009 · Objective: To determine markers of HBV infection and detect the presence of its occult infection in serum of a cohort of adult Nigerians. A total of 4329 adults, aged 46. 1988 Jun; 5 (2):86–90. 0045750 [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] Jun 1, 1990 · The performance of a previously developed index to diagnose occult bacterial infection and bacteremia in febrile patients was tested and it could be used to identify patients to be discharged from the emergency department or hospitalized and treated empirically. 18% (12/287) from the control group. Jul 15, 2024 · However, 6%–37% of nonunions that are presumed to be aseptic preoperatively grow unexpected positive cultures that represent an occult infection. PLoS ONE. Aug 9, 2022 · Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is characterised by the persistence of replication-competent HBV DNA in the liver (with or without HBV DNA in the blood) of individuals testing negative for HBsAg, using currently available assays. Of the 54 pools tested, 13 pools had a detectable level of HBV DNA. To develop a management strategy for patients with unexplained f … Dec 1, 2003 · Occult infections caused by fungi, such as hepatosplenic candidiasis and aspergillosis, must be considered. We investigated the prevalence and surface (S) gene mutations of OBI among blood donors in Huzhou City, eastern China. vaccine. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a highly pathogenic virus that causes chronic liver diseases in millions of people globally. Feb 19, 2018 · Europe PMC is an archive of life sciences journal literature. Vaccination can prevent infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae. The prevalence of such occult infection and its association with patient demographics and inflammatory markers are largely unknown. Scope Jul 12, 2023 · When HBsAg is negative, detectable HBV DNA is termed Occult HBV infection (OBI). To identify occult HBV infection using the minipool strategy, we tested a different aliquot of a sample collected from the same person and prepared 54 minipools with each pool comprising 5 samples. PloS one. Herein, the study shows that the plasma-derived HB vaccine could not induce full protection to HBV infection in the young adults who received neonatal vaccination. This entity is defined as the persistence of viral genomes in the liver tissue and in some instances also in the serum, associated to negative HBV surface antigen serology. 2019). We used stored samples and existing data from the completed Tshipidi study that has been described in detail previously []. This definition was later changed to accommodate technological advances Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health burden. 2021;15:328-37. Occult infections are sometimes observed in patients with pseudarthrosis and no inflammatory signs of infection. 2012;7:e45750. 2010. Their sera were assayed for HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBe, anti-HBc A prospective study was carried out to analyze the usefulness of blood culture results for adult patients who were discharged from the emergency department with bacteremia. aureus infections had significantly greater adverse impacts on a variety of outcome variables than other bacterial infections. Hepatol Int. In addition to a symptomatic, serologically evident infection, occult persistent HBV carriage has been identified since nucleic acid amplification assays of enhanced sensitivity became introduced for detection of hepadnaviral genomes and their replicative intermediates. Among the existing preventive measures, yeast-derived vaccines have proven to be the most efficacious approach in combatting hepatitis B. Doctors treat occult bacteremia with antibiotics Introduction: Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, so-called occult B infection (OBI), is defined by the recognition of HBV-DNA in the absence of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). This limited body of According to our single-center case-control study among adults who are surgically revised for spinal pseudarthrosis, the detection of an occult infection (even if relatively frequent) did not impair the patient's final outcome, provided that such infected pseudarthroses were surgically and antibiotically treated. Nov 11, 2024 · 1 Introduction. Occult HBV infection happened in the young adults with HBsAg(-), anti-HBs(+) and anti-HBc(+) status, who received neonatal vaccination in Qidong. https://orcid. The other mutations were found outside of the “a” epitope. We investigated the ceramide amounts and species in hepatocytes infected with PreS variants that were isolated from HBsAg-seronegative Oct 1, 2020 · Concerning this serologic aberration, it may be of interest to discover that primary seronegative occult infection has been described in the woodchuck model of hepatitis following inoculation with 10–100 virions of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV). 2016;11:e0166317. Hepatitis B virus infection in human immunodeficiency virus infected southern African adults: occult or overt-that is the question. 1111/jvh. Mar 22, 2021 · Occult HBV infection in anti-HBs-positive young adults after neonatal HB vaccination. Although the primary focus is on eliminating HCV and HBV, the entity of occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) should not be overlooked. Yet the high prevalence of occult HBV infection in some populations observed in our study and the risk of potential transmission via blood donations suggest that occult HBV infection should no longer be neglected. Patients who have recovered from acute hepatitis B can carry HBV • We tested the performance of a previously developed index to diagnose occult bacterial infection and bacteremia in febrile patients. Mar 22, 2021 · Background Among elder children/young adults who received hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination during infancy, the serological status of HBsAg-negative and anti-HBc-positive [HBsAg(-)/anti-HBc(+)] was frequently reported, indicating potential occult HBV infection (OBI). Sep 1, 2014 · The incidence, etiology, clinical circumstances, and outcome of occult BSI in children are well known, but, to our knowledge, data in adult patients are scarce. The diagnosis is based on blood tests. We tested the performance of a previously developed index to diagnose occult bacterial infection and bacteremia in febrile patients Aug 24, 2022 · The transient viraemia observed in 65% (13/20) of isolated anti‐HBs OBI carriers suggests ‘aborted’ infection that is reminiscent of acute HBV infection previously reported in six vaccinated blood donors who carried isolated anti‐HBs OBI; four of them infected by high viral load HBV sexual partners. Methodology: The study involved 28 adult Nigerians with viral hepatitis (Group 1) and 28 apparently healthy adult Nigerians as controls (Group 2). PLoS One. In high-risk groups, occult HBV infection prevalence was substantial, irrespective of endemicity: 5·5% (95% CI 2·9-8·7) in low-endemicity countries, 5·2% (2·5-8·6) in intermediate-endemicity countries, and 12·0% (3·4-24·7) in high-endemicity countries. Heterogeneity (I2) was assessed using the χ2 test on the Cochran Q statistic and H parameters. Over a 29-month period, 110 patients with significant bacteremia who were seen in the emergency department and discharged home … Bell TGME, Martinson NA, Kramvis A. This cross-sectional study aimed to Bell TG, Makondo E, Martinson NA, Kramvis A. Fever of unknown origin (FUO) in adults poses one of the greatest diagnostic challenges in medicine. Overt and occult hepatitis B virus infection among community children in Northwest China. To investigate the prevalence of occult HBV infection (OBI) among children and to characterize virology of occult HBV, we conducted an epidemiological survey. DOI PubMed. Jan 6, 2018 · The study aimed to determine the prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection among HIV-infected persons and to evaluate the use of a pooling strategy to detect occult HBV infection in the settin An occult infection may be the outcome of prepatent infection, unisexual adult infections, worm sterility following therapy and immune-mediated sterile infection. All people with HIV/HBV coinfection (HBsAg positive), including pregnant people, regardless of CD4 count and HBV DNA level (AII), should be treated with an ART regimen that includes drugs active against both HIV and HBV infections (AII). 2018;25(6):718–723. 1987. Dec 15, 2022 · Patients with occult bacteremia by definition do not have clinical evidence other than fever (a systemic response to infection). 1 Resolved infection VII - - + 8. 2 ± 13. This became evident when patients, who received blood transfusions from HBsAg-negative donors, went on to develop overt infection. The HBV-DNA genome in OBI is fully replication competent and produced in the liver, characteristically with low-level HBV-DNA fluctuations in the We included original articles and conference abstracts of any study design that reported the proportion of HBsAg-negative adults (aged ≥18 years) who are positive for HBV DNA (ie, people with occult HBV infection). The HBcAb-positive parameter, which is indicative of previous HBV infection, is the only clinical laboratory parameter that reliably predicts the presence of occult infections. Nonetheless, as scientific inquiries Mar 1, 2016 · Methods. However, in the Western world, the HCC incidence rate has risen steadily, probably due to an increased prevalence of Background The diagnosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection requires HBV DNA testing and serologic testing for detection of the surface antigen (HBsAg) and the hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc). In recent years, occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) has been identi-fied as a particular feature of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection natural history. [1] FUO was defined as a temperature of 101 degrees Fahrenheit (38. Despite the need for readmission of a fairly high proportion of patients, occult BSI behaves as a relatively benign entity. OBI is of concern in the HIV-infected due to high prevalence and risk of HBV reactivation. With occult bacteremia, your baby or child has a fever but otherwise looks healthy. IBIs typically are defined as sepsis , meningitis , and urinary tract infection (UTI) but also include septic arthritis and osteomyelitis . Adults presenting with acute unexplained fever often have life-threatening bacterial infection. Listeria monocytogenes is more common in children, adults > 50 years of age, and immunocompromised individuals (33). The clinical implications of high occult HBV prevalence are unknown. ) Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) is defined by the presence of HBV DNA in the liver tissue of individuals who test negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). 2012; 7 (10):e45750. This study aims to inve … Sep 15, 2024 · The search terms included “Hepatitis B″ OR “Hepatitis B Virus” OR “HBV” OR “Chronic Hepatitis B” OR “Hepatitis B Infection” AND “Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection” OR “OBI” OR “Occult HBV Infection” AND “Hepatitis B Vaccine” OR “Vaccination” OR “Vaccines”. K pneumoniae caused pyogenic meningitis were rare, and mostly found in patients with history of head trauma or surgery, [ 7 ] or as the septic metastatic lesions of invasive K pneumoniae liver abscess syndrome, at 13% of Aug 22, 2022 · This study aimed to assess the global prevalence of occult hepatitis B in blood donors. As a note, in the woodchuck model of hepadnavirus infection, the exposure to very low, even if multiple, doses of WHV leads to seronegative occult WHV infection [10,59,60]. 3 degrees Centigrade) or higher with a minimum duration of three weeks without an established diagnosis despite at least one week's investigation in the hospital. Antibiotics can eliminate the infection. The episomal covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in OBI is in a low replicative state. Oct 16, 2024 · Background: Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is characterized by the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA at low levels in serum (<200 IU/mL) with a negative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus, and Excerpta Medica Database. Because S. [PMC free article] [Google Scholar] Mellors JW, Horwitz RI, Harvey MR, Horwitz SM. 27 (10%) were found to have occult HBV, with median HBV viral load of 37 IU mL −1 (IQR 21–131). Dec 16, 2024 · Recommendations for Treating Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection; Indication for Therapy. Vaccine 2010;28:5986–5992. Methods: . Occult HBV infection in HIV-infected adults and evaluation of pooled NAT for HBV. Thus the aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection and the prevalence of occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) among adult Sudanese HIV patients. 03 * Serology patterns which require Aug 14, 2023 · Fever of unknown origin (FUO) was first described by Dr. 2018; 25 (6):718–723. 106 Corpus ID: 831482; Occult HBV infection in anti-HBs-positive young adults after neonatal HB vaccination. In the immune-mediate occu … Infection-related glomerulonephritis (IRGN) in adults is witnessing a dramatic shift in its epidemiology and outcome. Occult dirofilariasis in a dog Occult infection VI - + + 24. org Dinesha TR, Boobalan J, Sivamalar S, Subashini D, Solomon SS, Murugavel KG, Balakrishnan P, Smith DM, Saravanan S. 7 years, without CKD at baseline were enrolled while undergoing physical examinations. 1 Occult HBV infection represents a phase of the natural history of HBV infection,2 in which HBV DNA in the form of a covalently closed circular DNA Background: Among elder children/young adults who received hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination during infancy, the serological status of HBsAg-negative and anti-HBc-positive [HBsAg(-)/anti-HBc(+)] was frequently reported, indicating potential occult HBV infection (OBI). We randomly selected serum samples from 270 HBsAg negative HIV positive participants and these were tested for HBV DNA with the Abbott HBV DNA Realtime viral load assay, to identify occult HBV infection. }, author={Libin Xu and Yong Wei and Tao-yang Chen and Jian-hua Lu and Chang-lin Zhu and Zhengping Ni and Feilong Huang and Jun Du and Zong The presence of HBV DNA in the liver (with detectable or undetectable HBV DNA in the serum) of individuals tested HBsAg negative by currently available assays is defined occult B Infection (OBI). 1 Occult HBV infection represents a phase of the natural history of HBV infection,2 in which HBV DNA in the form of a covalently closed circular DNA Among occult HBV-infected donors, those with high anti-HBs levels (recovered) are unlikely to transmit the infection, whereas those without anti-HBs (anti-HBc only) may transmit the infection[53,54]. The prevalence of occult HBV infection was pooled, using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model, in the general population Pseudarthrosis after attempted spinal fusion is yet not sufficiently understood and presents a surgical challenge. 10. Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a world-wide entity, following the geographical distribution of detectable hepatitis B. Viral gene expression is mediated by epigenetic control of HBV Mar 22, 2021 · Of HBsAg(–)/anti-HBc(+), HBV-DNA was detected in 13. OBI is defined as presence of hepatic HBV DNA replication with or without detectable HBV DNA in blood with negative serum HBsAg detection [ 4 ]. 06. Overall, 84% (n = 150/179) of Dec 13, 2022 · Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is characterized by the presence of low levels of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and undetectable HBsAg in the blood. We did this prospective study (September 2016-April 2018) on all patients with biopsy-proven IRGN and age ≥18 years satisfying three Sep 15, 2024 · The prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) poses a significant threat to the lives of 257 million individuals globally, potentially resulting in severe outcomes such as liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Abstract. Aug 9, 2022 · Despite growing concerns about transmissibility and clinical impact, occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has received little attention in the hepatitis elimination agenda. 1 OBI is mostly associated with Occult HBV infection, which is characterised by a negative HBsAg with detectable HBV DNA in the serum, has been described commonly in African cohorts [7,9,15,39,51, 98, [101][102][103][104 DOI: 10. Petersdorf and Dr. Aug 23, 2010 · Only 4/41 (9. We analyzed the episodes of occult BSI in adult patients at our institution. 1 Only 10·5% of chronically infected people were aware of their infection in 2019, 2 suggesting a pressing need for more effective strategies to identify and treat individuals The study aimed to determine the prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection among HIV-infected persons and to evaluate the use of a pooling strategy to detect occult HBV infection in the setting of HIV infection. Sep 1, 2014 · Occult BSI is relatively common in patients in the adult ED. Absence of anti-HBc reactivity with detectable anti-HBs was observed in blood donors with occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI). Age, endocarditis, and S. This study aimed to estimate the global prevalence of occult HBV infection in children and adolescents. There has been limited data regarding HBV infection in young adult population. Feb 15, 2001 · In this study, physicians discharged 6% of bacteremic adult patients; however, in only 36% of adult patients (and 25% of children) were the organisms again isolated in blood cultures at the return visit, and all recovered with appropriate treatment. Clinicians should also check Liver damage can progress through different stages, resulting in cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), conditions that are often associated with viral infections. Occult HBV infection happened in the young adults with HBsAg(−), anti-HBs(+) and anti-HBc(+) status, who received neonatal vaccination in Qidong. We included original articles and conference abstracts of any study design that reported the proportion of HBsAg-negative adults (aged ≥18 years) who are positive for HBV DNA (ie, people with occult HBV infection). Some occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are resulted from PreS mutations that reduce secretion of envelope protein (HBsAg). 1 Only 10·5% of chronically infected people were aware of their infection in 2019, 2 suggesting a pressing need for more effective strategies to identify and treat individuals who are infected. 15 Differing from the cases described Aug 1, 2022 · Prevalence of occult HBV infection by type of study population and country endemicity Low-risk populations include the general population, healthy health-care workers, and pregnant women; high Aug 24, 2021 · Occult HBV infection (OBI) is defined as the presence of HBV replicative templates, covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in the liver, with/without circulating HBV DNA in patients with undetectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (Raimondo et al. Patients In adult patients’ intracranial infection, the most common pathogens were Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae. 7%) were from the neonatal vaccination group, 3100 (10. Occult Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia in Adult Emergency Loading Oct 2, 2016 · Occult HBV infections was defined at an international workshop in Italy in 2008, as the presence of circulating HBV DNA detected by HBV NAT, with or without detectable antibody against the core antigen . There is a population of patients with occult HBV infection (OBI), which is not detected by HBsAg or HBV DNA quantification in blood, despite the presence of active replication in the liver. Study Participants. For a large proportion of patients presenting with FUO in higher-income countries, a cause is Oct 1, 2022 · Introduction. (See also Bacteremia in adults. The prevalence of occult HBV infection was pooled, using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model, in the general population Jun 1, 1982 · Occult heartworm infection, ie, infection with adult Dirofilaria immitis in the absence of circulating microfilariae, was detected in dogs with prepatent infection, unisexual heartworm infection, drug-induced sterility of adult heartworms, and an immune-mediated infection. 013% (China) to 10. HBV rcDNA was detected in most sera that were tested positive for HBV-DNA. 2. Even with the decreased rates of infection, the risk of invasive bacterial infections (IBIs) is still a concern in young children with fever without apparent source or occult bacteremia (1). The skin is thoroughly inspected for focal erythema (suggesting a site of infection) and rash (eg, malar rash of systemic lupus erythematosus); inspection should include the perineum and feet, particularly in patients with diabetes, who are prone to occult infections in these areas. To our knowledge, only four studies dealing specifically with occult bacteremia in adult patients have been published in the past 2 decades [5–8]. Five hundred and two HIV-positive individuals were tested for HBV, occult HBV and … Aug 9, 2022 · Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is characterised by the persistence of replication-competent HBV DNA in the liver (with or without HBV DNA in the blood) of individuals testing negative for HBsAg, using currently available assays. Future studies should assess the benefits of routine use of 3TC or FTC plus TDF as first-line A … 3. 12858. Mar 22, 2021 · Request PDF | Neonatal hepatitis B vaccination protects mature adults from occult virus infection | Background Among elder children/young adults who received hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination Sep 1, 2014 · Although the occurrence of occult bacteremia in patients who were discharged from the ED is 3. Methodology: The study involved 28 adult Nigerians with viral hepatitis (Group 1) and 28 apparently healthy Aug 23, 2010 · Occult HBV infection happened in these young vaccinees. Sep 9, 2022 · Prevalence and clinical outcomes of occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) have been poorly studied in Africa. Hepatitis B virus infection in human immunodeficiency virus infected Southern African adults: occult or overt-that is the question. Neonatal hepatitis B vaccination protects mature adults from occult virus infection. It is identified by the existence of low levels of HBV DNA in the liver and/or blood of individuals who yield negative results for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with current tests (). To develop a management strategy for patients with unexplained Patients with acute fever (less than three weeks' duration) and no localizing symptoms or physical findings to suggest a source (unexplained fever) may have self-limited illness or occult bacterial infection requiring prompt treatment. A total of 113 patients consecutively hospitalized because of an acute febrile disease, without a recognizable source of fever, were divided into four groups, with inc … Manning LV, Touquet R. Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is a unique infectious status during hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Listeria monocytogenes is more common in children, adults > 50 years of age, and immunocompromised individuals . 9 Less commonly, herpes simplex virus may be the inciting organism, but this infection Similarly, an acute WHV infection may resolve with the consequent long-lasting persistence of a seropositive occult infection [57,58]. In 2019, an estimated 296 million people were chronically infected with HBV and more than 820 000 HBV-related deaths occurred worldwide. }, author={J. Mar 4, 2024 · The HBV occult infection rates in the KBTH Renal Unit are also similar to those reported by studies from diverse geographical locations. Occult HBV infection was defined as seropositivity for antibody to HBV core antigen. Jul 9, 2024 · The general appearance, particularly for cachexia, jaundice, and pallor, is noted. Occult hepatitis B virus infection in hepatitis B vaccinated children in Taiwan. OBI occurred in some vaccinated adults. occult infection and its association with patient demographics and inflammatory markers are largely unknown. OBI remains a major challenge to blood safety, particularly in HBV-endemic regions like Cameroon, where HBV detection relies solely on HBsAg testing. 1 Only 10·5% of chronically infected people were aware of their infection in 2019, 2 suggesting a pressing need for more effective strategies to identify and treat individuals Despite an increasing number of occult HBV infection studies, the worldwide prevalence patterns of occult HBV infection remain unknown and its clinical relevance has been controversial. However, neonatal HBV vaccination kept the effective protection against OBI in mature adults. Mar 3, 2011 · The host’s immune-surveillance probably has a critical role in the development of occult HBV infection, as suggested by at least two arguments: (1) there is evidence showing that a vigorous memory T-cell response against HBV antigens is still present many years after clinical recovery from acute B hepatitis, probably because the long-lasting Aug 6, 2016 · Methods. Article Google Scholar Occult HBV. Historically, the recognition of occult hepatitis B infection has been important in preventing reactivation of hepatitis B infection and mortality in those receiving treatment for HIV and hepatitis C Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a public health problem in Indonesia. Su H, Shao Z, Pu Z, et al. PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of unexpected low-grade infection in spinal pseudarthro-sis revision surgery, and to evaluate whether such infection is associated with patient demographics and inflammatory markers. 5%) were from the control group (Fig. This study aimed to evaluate the seroepidemiology of HBV infection and characterize occult HBV variants in healthy young adults in Banjarmasi … Jan 1, 2024 · Occult HBV infection (OBI) is a specific form of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and has the possibility of developing into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in adults. Aug 10, 2022 · Introduction. Sep 23, 2024 · Wang R, Liu C, Chen T, et al. 1371/journal. Introduction and objectives: Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) is characterised by low levels of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the blood/liver of patients with negative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). 7 times more common in children than in adults, the absolute numbers of discharged adults and children Article: A simple index to identify occult bacterial infection in adults with acute unexplained fever Patients with acute fever (less than three weeks' duration) and no localizing symptoms or physical findings of suggest a source (unexplain Aug 10, 2022 · Europe PMC is an archive of life sciences journal literature. Vaccines (shots that healthy children need to help protect them from many infections) also help prevent occult bacteremia . Globally, 42% and 21% of cirrhosis cases correlate with HBV and HCV, Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is defined as the presence of replication-competent HBV DNA in the blood or liver of individuals who test negative for HBsAg. J Hepatol 2009;2009(50):264–272. doi: 10. Article Google Scholar Mu SC, Lin YM, Jow GM, Chen BF. Briefly, Tshipidi was a prospective cohort study that enrolled and followed 453 HIV-infected and 457 HIV-uninfected pregnant women and their live-born infants at two sites (the city of Gaborone and the village of Mochudi) in Botswana from 2010 to 2012. Keywords: woodchuck model of hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis B, occult hepadnaviral infection, immune cell subsets, activation of T cells, programed cell death Dinesha TR, Boobalan J, Sivamalar S, Subashini D, Solomon SS, Murugavel KG, Balakrishnan P, Smith DM, Saravanan S. of nonunions with positive cultures that met criteria of occult infection with the new protocol was 19% (n = 14/74), and 71% (n = 15/21) of microorganisms identified in these occult infections were sensitive to clindamycin. Study selection and data extraction were performed by at least two independent investigators. Occult hepatitis B virus infection is further classified . aureus infection were independent predictors of mortality among adult occult bacteremia patients. 00370040048009 Corpus ID: 46397618; A simple index to identify occult bacterial infection in adults with acute unexplained fever. 4–7 Potential occult infections are the reason patients are treated empirically with antibiotics until intraoperative cultures from the nonunion revision surgery are definitive. 1016/j. However, the infectivity of anti-HBs-containing blood components in immunodeficient or immunosuppressed recipients has not been systematically Jan 6, 2021 · Bell TG, Makondo E, Martinson NA, Kramvis A. 000214633 [pii]. 186 HB-vaccinated infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers were included in the study. 2012; 7 ( 10 ):e45750 Epub 2012/10/11. Doctors do blood tests to find occult bacteremia . Focal occult infections. Infectious disease is a major cause of death, especially in developing countries. 1001/ARCHINTE. Jul 6, 2015 · Song EY, Yun YM, Park MH, Seo DH (2009) Prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection in a general adult population in Korea. [PMC free article] [Google Scholar] 2. 9 However, emerging evidence is shifting scientific opinion. OBI is defined by the presence of replication-competent HBV-DNA in the liver of individuals negative for HBsAg and with low viral load (<200 IU/mL). The term “occult” hepatitis B infection (OBI) is defined by the presence of HBV DNA in plasma and/or liver tissue of subjects who lack detectable HBsAg. Of these the 3615 (10. Risk factors for occult hepatitis B infection include sex work, blood transfusion, hemodialysis, and liver transplantation. 4 The probability of detecting positive serum HBV DNA is highest in individuals who are anti-HBc The most common causes of bacterial meningitis in adults in the United States are Streptococcus pneumoniae, group B streptococci, and Neisseria meningitidis. pone. Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are endemic to sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with co-infection being common. 1). 1. The prevalence of occult HBV infection was pooled, using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model, in the general population Occult bloodstream infections (oBSIs) are defined as those bacteremias diagnosed after the patient is discharged from the emergency department (ED) . Occult HBV infection can be challenging to detect, particularly in immunocompromised patients such as in patients with leukemia [46,47,48]. Beesom in 1961. Aug 23, 2010 · DOI: 10. Occult infection was associated with higher body mass index, fusions including the thoracolumbar junction, and slightly higher C-reactive protein leve … We included original articles and conference abstracts of any study design that reported the proportion of HBsAg-negative adults (aged ≥18 years) who are positive for HBV DNA (ie, people with occult HBV infection). [PMC free article] [Google Scholar] Sep 23, 2023 · Introduction and objectives: Occult HBV infection (OBI) is a specific form of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and has the possibility of developing into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in adults. Journal of viral hepatitis. The prevalence and mechanisms underlying this uncommon condition were investigated over time in Chinese blood donors with OBI. Background: Patients with septic episodes whose blood cultures turn positive after being sent home from emergency departments (EDs) are recognized as having occult bloodstream infections (BSI). The relevance of pyrexia in adults as a presenting symptom in the accident and emergency department. [] First described in the 1960s in young febrile children with unsuspected pneumococcal infection, bacteremia is defined as the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream of a febrile child who was previously healthy; the child does not clinically appear to be ill and We tested the performance of a previously developed index to diagnose occult bacterial infection and bacteremia in febrile patients. Occult HBV infection in immunized neonates born to HBsAg‐positive mothers: a prospective and follow‐up study. A total of 113 patients consecutively hospitalized because of an acute febrile disease, without a recognizable source of fever, were divided into four groups, with Lu Y, Liu YL, Nie JJ, et al. OBI is characterized by the presence of generally low levels of replication-competent HBV DNA in the liver and/or in the blood without detectable HBsAg. OBI remains a major challenge to blood safety, particularly in HBV-endemic regions like Cameroon, where HBV detection relies solely on HBsAg Occult infections were found in 10% of patients undergoing pseudarthrosis revision after spinal fusion, even without preoperative clinical suspicion. W. Arch Emerg Med. Horwitz and Mary Rose Harvey and Sarah McCue Horwitz}, journal={Archives of Oct 28, 2004 · Occult bacteremia in children is well known and has been studied previously ; however, occult bacteremia in adults discharged from the ED has been studied to a lesser extent . Clinicians should also check from chronic HBV infection for 35 years Among the participants who remained in the QHBIS cohort by 2012, we recruited a total of 6715 adults and got their blood samples for the examination of HBV infection. goa jmeyjc jfnbwzc teeut avwetsdv kdbcn pmcg dvarpw aax qmykg